RVVE Protocols

Acute gastroenteritis causes vomiting, diarrhea, or both in dogs and cats. Many cases are self-limiting, but severe disease can cause dehydration, shock, and electrolyte problems. This guide covers how it develops, how it is diagnosed and treated, and what the outlook looks like.

Cardiac emergencies in dogs include congestive heart failure, low-output heart failure, and clinically significant arrhythmias. This guide covers how they develop, how they are diagnosed and treated, and what the outlook looks like.

A blocked urethra lets waste products and potassium build up in a cat's blood. This guide explains how feline urethral obstruction develops, the signs owners notice, and what treatment and recovery involve.